Gender Inequality in The Regulation of Mangrove Ecosystem Conservation in Surabaya City
Abstract
This study examines the injustice reflected in mangrove conservation regulations, which should ideally encourage the involvement of all parties through the concept of gender equality in the practice of mangrove ecosystem preservation in Wonorejo and Keputih Sub-Districts, Surabaya. The study employs normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches. There is a gap between the normative frameworks found in the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 32/2009, and the CEDAW Convention, and the reality on the ground. Women's participation remains limited to downstream sectors such as processing mangrove products, while upstream stages—such as seedling cultivation, planting, and decision-making—are dominated by men. Current regulations on mangrove conservation have yet to reflect a gender equality perspective. This research recommends the formulation of regional regulations (Perda) or mayoral regulations (Perwali) that explicitly facilitate women’s involvement in all stages of mangrove conservation, the integration of gender-responsive approaches in regional budgeting to enhance women’s technical capacities, and the strengthening of participatory mechanisms and gender-sensitive complaint channels. The implementation of gender-responsive legal strategies is expected to enhance ecological effectiveness and foster social justice in line with the principles of sustainable development.
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