Utilizing Rice Husk Ash and Coconut Shell as Partial Replacement Materials in Concrete
Abstrak
The global demand for concrete, a predominant construction material, has risen significantly. Key components in concrete are cement and aggregate, which are crucial, but their continual extraction poses a threat to the environment, leading to a potential ecological imbalance. Consequently, current trends in concrete technology focus on exploring sustainable alternatives to reduce dependence on natural resources and mitigate environmental degradation. This study aimed to produce concrete using rice husk ash and coconut shell as partial replacement materials for cement and coarse aggregate, respectively. The mix ratio is 1:2:4 (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) for grade M20 with the water-cement ratio 0.65. Rice husk ash replaced 10% and 20% of cement, while coconut shell replaced 5% and 10% of coarse aggregate by weight. Samples were tested for workability, water absorption, and compressive strength. According to the slump test, every sample exhibits collapse and a true slump, while in water absorption showed less than 8% according to the standard value. The control sample showed good compressive strength (>20 N/mm²), while among the modified samples, the concrete mixture with 10% rice husk ash and 5% coconut shell achieved the highest compressive strength at 15 N/mm² after 28 days.
Referensi
Al-Alwan, A. A. K., Al-Bazoon, M., I.Mussa, F., Alalwan, H. A., Hatem Shadhar, M., Mohammed, M. M., & Mohammed, M. F. (2024). The impact of using rice husk ash as a replacement material in concrete: An experimental study. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 36(4), 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2022.03.002
Amin, M., & Abdelsalam, B. A. (2019). Efficiency of rice husk ash and fly ash as reactivity materials in sustainable concrete. Sustainable Environment Research, November. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-019-0035-2
Anita, T., Hussin, R., & Infrastructure, T. (2018). Partial replacement of cement with commercial available rice husk ash in concrete. Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur Research Journal Vol.6, 6(1), 1–9.
Arora, R., Dixit, S., Tipu, R. K., & Kaul, P. (2023). Parametric investigation of coconut shells as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in sustainable concrete. E3S Web of Conferences, ICMPC 2023, 430(11), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001180
Azahar, A. F., & Rahman, N. K. A. (2021). A Study on properties of concrete as a potential innovative of coarse aggregate with coconut shell. Progress in Engineering Application and Technology Vol., 2(1), 361–372. http://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/peat
Gabriel, G., Surpobo, P., Irawan, D., Wahyuniarsih, S., & Asdam, T. (2020). Investigation of water absorption for concrete using supplementary materials. IPTEK The Journal of Technology and Science, 31(3), 309–317. https://doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v31i3.5596
Herring, T. C., Thuo, J., & Nyomboi, T. (2021). Influence of coconut shell particles grades as partial replacement of coarse aggregate on concrete properties. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, 8(11), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V8I11P103
J, B. H., P, P. D., Khalak, A. A., & Patel, M. J. (2023). Advancements in cement technology : A comprehensive review of additives and their impact on material properties. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 4(December), 1105–1112. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376391864%0AAdvancements
Kanojia, A., & Jain, S. K. (2017). Performance of coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 140, 150–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.066
Khan, W., Fahim, M., Zaman, S., Khan, S. W., Badrashi, Y. I., & Khan, F. (2021). Use of rice husk ash as partial replacement of cement in sandcrete blocks. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 15(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/133470
Liu, C., Zhang, W., Liu, H., Zhu, C., Wu, Y., He, C., & Wang, Z. (2022). Recycled aggregate concrete with the incorporation of rice husk ash: mechanical properties and microstructure. Construction and Building Materials, 351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128934
Mounika, G., Baskar, R., Sri, J., & Rama, K. (2022). Rice husk ash as a potential supplementary cementitious material in concrete solution towards sustainable construction. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, February. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00643-5
MS 26-1-2:2009. Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregate - Part 2: Determination of particle density and water absorption. Department of Standards Malaysia.
MS EN 1097-6:2011. Testing of concrete - Part 1: Fresh concrete - Section 2: Slump Test (second revision). Department of Standards Malaysia.
MS EN 12390-3:2012. Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens (second revision). Department of Standards Malaysia.
Musa, M. N. (2024). [ COLUMNIST ] Work on concrete measures to improve our environment. Astro Awani.
Omar, A., & Muthusamy, K. (2022). Concrete industry, environment issue, and green concrete: A review. Concstruction, 1(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15282/cons.v2i1.7188
Patil, V., & Paliwal, P. M. C. (2020). Partial replacement of cement with rice husk ash in cement concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9(12), 322–325.
Phatak, O. A., & Kishor, R. (2024). A systematic review on utilization of rice husk ash in manufacturing of concrete. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1326(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012063
Rajendran, T., & Rahman, N. A. (2022). Mechanical properties of concrete containing coconut shells as coarse aggregate partial replacement. Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 2(December), 35–42. https://mjsat.com.my/
Ranjith, R. (2023). A review study on coconut shell aggregate concrete. Journal of Structural Technology, 2(2), 1–7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375859727
Sathe, S., Zain Kangda, M., & Dandin, S. (2023). An experimental study on rice husk ash concrete. Materials Today: Proceedings, 77(December), 724–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.366
The Star. (2023). MIDF research foresees construction sector to continue growth in 4Q. The Star, November.
Uzni, N. K., & Hanapi, N. A. (2021). A comparison study in partial replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shell in concrete. Recent Trends in Civil Engineering and Built Environment, 2(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30880/rtcebe.2021.02.01.004
Verma, S. K., & Shrivastava, S. (2019). Use of coconut shell as partly substitution of coarse aggregate - An experimental analysis. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Materials and Structures for Civil Infrastructures (SMSCI2019), 2158(October 2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5127145
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4.footer##All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher at the address below.
The ICEETE Conference Series on Economy, Education, Technology, and Environment retains the copyright of all published papers. Any unauthorized reproduction or distribution of the conference papers will be considered a violation of copyright. Permission to use the content of this conference series for any purpose must be obtained from the copyright owner.
