Towards Inclusive Agricultural Digitalization: A Bibliometric and Systematic Review on Technology Adoption in Indonesia
Abstract
Adoption of technology in agriculture is an important step in improving agricultural efficiency and productivity. However, although various studies have been conducted, there is no specific picture regarding the extent of the development of technology implementation in agriculture in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to identify the characteristics of studies related to the adoption of agricultural technology in Indonesia which include 1) bibliometric analysis of publication trends, 2) classification of types of agricultural technology that have been adopted by farmers, and 3) identification of challenges and limitations of agricultural technology in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative approach combining a systematic literature review (SLR) with bibliometric analysis to explore trends, technology types, and challenges in the adoption of agricultural digitalization in Indonesia. The PRISMA framework guided the literature selection process, while bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer facilitated the visualization of keyword linkages and publication trends. The study reveals growing scholarly attention toward digital agriculture in Indonesia, with ICT and smart farming technologies at the forefront. Despite the increasing interest, various systemic barriers hinder equitable adoption, underscoring the need for inclusive policies and infrastructure development.
References
Darmaastawan, K., Suranata, I. W. A., Paramartha, I. G. N. D., & Dananjaya, M. W. P. (2024). Towards user friendly smart precision farming: assessing thingsboard as an interface for IoT based farming system using system usability scale. 2024 10th International Conference on Smart Computing and Communication (ICSCC), 318–322. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10690482/
Dharmawan, L., Muljono, P., Hapsari, D. R., & Purwanto, B. P. (2023). Pemanfaatan komunikasi inovasi digital pertanian perkotaan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 19(1), 1–11. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jupe/article/view/40647
Faried, A. I., Hasanah, U., Siregar, K. H., & Hutagalung, J. A. (2024). Peningkatan produktivitas pertanian melalui adopsi teknologi: studi kasus peran petani milenial dalam implementasi inovasi pertanian di desa pamah simelir. Senashtek 2024, 2(1), 81–88.
Hidayat, A. R. T., Onitsuka, K., Sianipar, C. P. M., Basu, M., & Hoshino, S. (2023). To migrate or not to migrate: Internet use and migration intention among rural youth in developing countries (case of Malang, Indonesia). Digital Geography and Society, 4, 100052. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666378323000041
Husen, S., Ishartati, E., Ruhiyat, M., & Juliati, R. (2018). Produksi benih kentang melalui teknik kultur in vitro. Conference on innovation and application of science and technology, 274–280.
Kamakaula, Y. (2024). Sustainable agriculture practices: economic, ecological, and social approaches to enhance farmer welfare and environmental sustainability. West Science Nature and Technology, 2(2), 47–54. https://www.academia.edu/download/117670007/Kamakaula_Sustainable_Agriculture_Practices_47_54_1_.pdf
Kuntariningsih, A., & Mariyono, J. (2014). Adopsi teknologi pertanian untuk pembangunan pedesaan: sebuah kajian sosiologis. Agriekonomika, 3(2), 180–191.
Kushartadi, T., Mulyono, A. E., Hamdi, A. H. Al, Rizki, M. A., Faidar, M. A. S., Harsanto, W. D., Suryanegara, M., & Asvial, M. (2023). Theme mapping and bibliometric analysis of two decades of smart farming. Information, 14(7), 396. https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/7/396
Lubis, D., & Sulistiawati, A. (2021). Digital inequality and development: using short message service for agricultural development in indonesia. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(10). https://www.jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/827
Luckyardi, S., Hurriyati, R., & Dirgantari, P. D. (2022). Mobile application design for digital marketing and management of horticultural crops. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 17(1), 0064–0074. http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol 17 Issue 1 February 2022/17_1_5.pdf
Mariyono, J., Santoso, S. I., Waskito, J., & Utomo, A. A. S. (2022). Usage of mobile phones to support management of agribusiness activities in Indonesia. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 74(1), 110–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-02-2021-0053
Marpaung, M. A., Harahap, M. F., & Ritonga, R. J. (2018). Pengembangan mesin pemotong rumput menjadi alat pemotong panen buah kelapa sawit. Piston Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin FT UISU, 2(2), 60–64.
Nasution, N., Rizal, M., Setiawan, D., & Hasan, M. A. (2020). IoT dalam agrobisnis studi kasus: tanaman selada dalam green house. It Journal Research and Development, 4(2).
Nurani, A., Nabila, H. T. A., & Herlambang, I. B. (2025). Peran Artificial Intelligence dalam sistem IoT untuk pertanian cerdas. JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika), 9(1), 1446–1455.
Oktarina, Y., Nawawi, Z., Suprapto, B. Y., & Dewi, T. (2023). Digitized smart solar powered agriculture implementation in Palembang, South Sumatra. 2023 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI), 60–65. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10295805/
Panggabean, Y. B. S., & Arsyad, M. (2023). The future of coffee, digital technology and farmer’s income. International Journal of Sustainable Development & Planning, 18(2), 411. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=17437601&AN=163198168&h=JxUigpCabtAt%2BW8aKFeZIIcgI05thdoO7KC0vSUt35jOgXSpLzo10lZduW58ObOo93sUMGVsHHHiB0p5KQeOGw%3D%3D&crl=c
Putra, P. R. S., Ciptohadijoyo, S., & Purwantana, B. (2022). Studi kelayakan penggunaan alat mesin pemanen padi di Desa Srimartani, Kecamatan Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Agrosintesa Jurnal Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian, 5(2), 1–8.
Rachmawati, R. R. (2020). Smart farming 4.0 untuk mewujudkan pertanian Indonesia maju, mandiri, dan modern. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 38(2), 137–154. https://fae.perhepi.org/index.php/FAE/article/view/9
Rasmira, R., Lubis, D. P., Sumardjo, S., Fatchiya, A., & Supriyanto. (2025). Adapting to smart farming: Communication media and local knowledge in overcoming technical challenges. BIO Web of Conferences, 171, 04007. https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/abs/2025/22/bioconf_fisaed2025_04007/bioconf_fisaed2025_04007.html
Ridwan, M., & Sari, K. M. (2021). Penerapan IoT dalam sistem otomatisasi kontrol suhu, kelembaban, dan tingkat keasaman hidroponik application of IoT for automated controlling system of temperature, humidity, and acidity in hydroponics. J. Tek. Pertan. Lampung, 10(4), 481–487.
Santoso, A. B., Ulina, E. S., Batubara, S. F., Chairuman, N., Sudarmaji, Indrasari, S. D., Pustika, A. B., Sutrisna, N., Surdianto, Y., Rahmini, Aryati, V., Manurung, E. D., Purba, H. F. P., Senoaji, W., Kotta, N. R. E., Parhusip, D., Widihastuty, Mugiasih, A., & Tobing, J. M. L. (2024). Are Indonesian rice farmers ready to adopt precision agricultural technologies? Precision Agriculture, 25(4), 2113–2139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-024-10156-7
Santoso, D., Rahajeng, G. Y., & Egra, S. (2021). Penerapan teknologi alat penanam benih jagung tipe row seeder di kelompok tani suka maju untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan wilayah perbatasan Kalimantan Utara. SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 5(1), 55–60.
Sasmita, H. O., Saleh, A., Priatna, W. B., & Muljono, P. (2024). Digital communication competence and technology adoption: Drivers of performance among small-scale millennial farmers in Indonesia. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 5360–5374. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.3192
Seminar, A. U., & Sarwoprasodjo, S. (2019). ICTs for small scale farmers in Indonesia: how to make it possible? IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/335/1/012028
Sihidi, I. T., Galang, J., Suhermanto, D. F., & Widodo, E. R. P. (2025). How smart farming encourages agricultural transformation: evidences from Budi Cakep’s innovation in Pasuruan. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1475/1/012018
Sudaryanto, T., Wahida, Purba, H. J., Rafani, I., & Andoko, E. (2022). Promoting smart farming based-digital business technology in the context of agricultural transformation in Indonesia. FFTC Journal of Agricultural Policy, 3, 69–80. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Effendi-Andoko/publication/363000899_Promoting_Smart_Farming_based-Digital_Business_Technology_in_the_Context_of_Agricultural_Transformation_in_Indonesia/links/6309c64b1ddd447021103211/Promoting-Smart-Farming-based-Dig
Sugandi, W. K. (2018). Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG) alat pembuat garis tanam padi di Kecamatan Cipunagara, Kabupaten Subang. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(2), 154–159.
Sujadmiko, H., Daryono, B. S., Hanini, H., & Supriyadi, S. (2021). Pengembangan benih unggul semangka citra jingga melalui teknik kastrasi dan polinasi di Desa Depokrejo, Purworejo, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement), 6(2), 129–135.
Sukma, W. L., Puspitasari, M. D., & Prasetyoputra, P. (2025). Internet use in agriculture and farm earnings: an analysis of the indonesia labor force survey. Asian Development Review, 42(1), 233–257. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0116110525500027
Sutariati, G. A. K., Asminaya, N. S., Madiki, A., Milarahni, N., Wibawa, G. N. A., & Guyasa, I. M. (2025). Aplikasi teknologi LEISA berbasis sumberdaya lokal dalam produksi benih hortikultura. Jurnal SIAR ILMUWAN TANI, 6(1), 12–18.
Suwanan, A. F., Rori, A. M., & Kurniawan, D. T. (2021). The critical review of agriculture technological transfer in the era of decentralization. E3S Web of Conferences. https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/abs/2021/82/e3sconf_icadai21_03021/e3sconf_icadai21_03021.html
Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2013). VOSviewer manual. Leiden: Univeristeit Leiden, 1(1), 1–53.
Widaningsih, N., Sutiharni, S., Istikomah, I., Mulyana, M., & Ali, H. (2021). Application of digital agricultural tools in Indonesia: From creativity towards rural community innovation. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 4(4). https://www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/birci/article/view/3512
Wihartiko, F. D., Nurdiati, S., Buono, A., & Santosa, E. (2021). Blockchain dan kecerdasan buatan dalam pertanian: studi literatur. J. Teknol. Inf. Dan Ilmu Komput, 8(1), 177. https://www.academia.edu/download/104030833/pdf.pdf
Yudianti, A., Utama, R. S., Wibowo, R., & H., F. S. (2023). Digitalisasi desa berbasis aplikasi “Simpeldesa”: Inovasi dalam mewujudkan ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan di Desa Cibiru Wetan. TheJournalish: Social and Government, 4(5), 73–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55314/tsg.v4i5.601
Copyright (c) 2025 ICEETE Conference Series

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher at the address below.
The ICEETE Conference Series on Economy, Education, Technology, and Environment retains the copyright of all published papers. Any unauthorized reproduction or distribution of the conference papers will be considered a violation of copyright. Permission to use the content of this conference series for any purpose must be obtained from the copyright owner.